ProbableLeaf

organic bed linen

2006-10-29T19:05:00.000-08:00

Livs range of soft luxurious bed linenis sourced ethically from India and using a fair trade policy. Liv also provide duvet cover set and bath towel set.

Stefan Duan

2005-04-04T10:34:00.000-07:00

King of Serbia (1331–46) and “Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks” (1346–55), the greatest ruler of medieval Serbia, who promoted his nation's influence and gave his people a new code of laws.

Spanish Lace

2005-04-04T10:17:00.000-07:00

Lace made in Spain; the name is also erroneously given to much lace that was in fact imported into Spain from the 17th century onward. The Spaniards imported a great deal of Venetian needle lace for church use in the 17th century. When the Spanish monasteries were dissolved in 1830, much ecclesiastical lace came to light that was described as “Spanish point,” but little, if any, of

Abyssinian

2005-04-03T13:02:00.000-07:00

Breed of domestic cat, probably of Egyptian origin, that has been considered to approximate the sacred cat of ancient Egypt more closely than any other living cat. The Abyssinian is a lithe cat with relatively slender legs and a long, tapering tail. The short, finely textured coat is ruddy reddish brown, with individual hairs of the back, sides, chest, and tail distinctively

Literature, Portugal.

2005-04-02T02:24:00.000-08:00

The Association of Portuguese Writers awarded its 2001 Great Prize for Fiction to Maria Velho da Costa for her novel Irene ou o contrato social (2000). Velho da Costa, who first gained international acclaim with the publication in 1972 of Novas cartas portuguesas, turned to the subject of euthanasia in her latest prizewinning

Nusaybin

2005-04-01T17:07:00.000-08:00

Formerly Nisibin, town, southeastern Turkey. The town is situated on the Görgarbonizra River where it passes through a narrow canyon and enters the plain. Nusaybin faces the Syrian town of Al-Qamishli and is 32 miles (51 km) south-southeast of Mardin. Strategically commanding the entrance to the upper Syrian plains from the mountain passes of Asia Minor, Nusaybin—then called Nisibis—was a frontier

Pyrrhus

2005-04-01T06:51:00.000-08:00

Upon becoming ruler at the age of 12, Pyrrhus allied himself with Demetrius, son of Antigonus I Monophthalmus of Macedonia.

Swedish Academy

2005-03-31T13:22:00.000-08:00

The academy was founded by King Gustav III on April 5, 1786, in Stockholm. The goal of the organization was defined as working for the “purity, vigour and majesty” of the Swedish language.

Augustus, Caesar

2005-03-31T09:50:00.000-08:00

Augustus was one of the great administrative geniuses of history. The gigantic work of reorganization that he carried out in every field of Roman life and throughout the entire empire not only transformed the decaying republic into a new, monarchic regime with many centuries of life ahead of it but also created a durable Roman peace, based on easy communications

Hard Water

2005-03-30T05:39:00.000-08:00

Water that contains salts of calcium and magnesium principally as bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates. Ferrous iron may also be present; oxidized to the ferric form, it appears as a reddish brown stain on washed fabrics and enameled surfaces. Water hardness that is caused by calcium bicarbonate is known as temporary, because boiling converts the bicarbonate

Sabre

2005-03-29T10:46:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Saber, heavy military sword with a long cutting edge and, often, a curved blade, derived from a Hungarian cavalry sword introduced from the Orient in the 18th century; also a light fencing weapon developed in Italy in the 19th century for duelling. The military sabre had been relegated to a ceremonial role by the 20th century, while the fencing sabre had become one of the sport's standard

Rocky Mountains, Animal life

2005-03-29T10:14:00.000-08:00

The fauna of the Rockies is varied and abundant. Among the large mammals emblematic of the rugged backcountry are the black bear, grizzly bear, mountain lion, and wolverine. Bighorn sheep and mountain goats inhabit the high crags in summer and migrate to the lower slopes for the winter months (see photograph). Members of the deer family, such as the

Swedish Academy

2005-03-28T03:01:00.000-08:00

Cystic fibrosis is the most common inherited disorder affecting people of European ancestry. It is estimated to occur in 1 per 2,000 live births in these populations and is particularly concentrated

Trafford

2005-03-26T21:57:00.000-08:00

Metropolitan borough in the southwest of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, England. Most of the borough's area, including towns such as Sale and Altrincham, lies south of the River Mersey in the historic county of Cheshire, but the historic county of Lancashire encompasses the urban core of the borough north of the Mersey, including Stretford, the Trafford

Nabuco De Araújo, Joaquim Aurelio Barreto

2005-03-26T11:16:00.000-08:00

Nabuco was a member of an old aristocratic family in northeastern Brazil. Both in the national Chamber of Deputies (from 1878) and in the Brazilian Anti-Slavery Society, which he founded, he worked tirelessly for the emancipation of Brazil's

Elephantine

2005-03-26T02:46:00.000-08:00

Arabic Jazirat Aswan, island in the Nile opposite Aswan city in Aswan muhafazah (governorate), Upper Egypt. Elephantine is the Greek name for pharaonic Abu. There the 18th- and 19th-dynasty pharaohs built a large temple to Khnum, the ram god of the cataract region, to his consort, Sati, and to Anuket, goddess of nearby Sehel. To the north stands the Old and Middle Kingdom shrine. Numerous outstanding rock

Weather Satellite

2005-03-24T11:51:00.000-08:00

Any of a class of Earth satellites designed to monitor meteorological conditions (see Earth satellite).

Sayce, Archibald H(enry)

2005-03-24T02:56:00.000-08:00

During his lifetime Sayce learned to write in about 20 ancient and modern languages. Appointed a fellow of Queen's College, Oxford (1869), and shortly afterward

Devaluation

2005-03-24T02:39:00.000-08:00

Reduction in the exchange value of a country's monetary unit in terms of gold, silver, or foreign monetary units. Devaluation is employed to eliminate persistent balance-of-payments deficits, because devaluation has the effect of decreasing prices of the home country's exports in terms of the importer's currency and, at the same time, increasing prices of imports

Bonaparte, Lucien

2005-03-23T21:58:00.000-08:00

Educated in France, Lucien returned to Corsica in 1789 and became an outspoken speaker in the Jacobin Club at Ajaccio. He urged his brothers to break with the Corsican

Drachten

2005-03-23T10:37:00.000-08:00

Chief town of Smallingerland gemeente (commune), Friesland provincie, northwestern Netherlands. It lies along the Wijde Ee waterway, which is part of the canal system that flows into the larger Prinses Margriet Canal to the northwest. The surrounding area consists of lowlands; there are forests at nearby Beetsterwaag, and peat moors are found southwest of

Clare

2005-03-22T04:56:00.000-08:00

Town, southeastern South Australia, 80 miles (130 km) north of Adelaide. Founded in 1842, it was named for the Irish county in which one of its early settlers was born. In 1851, Jesuits planted the first vineyard of the district. Grapes for table use and wine making, along with other fruits, grains, livestock, and dairy products, now form the basis of the local economy. Declared a municipality

Laguna District

2005-03-21T18:40:00.000-08:00

The land, once used only for grazing, belonged to

Typography

2005-03-20T10:22:00.000-08:00

The design, or selection, of letter forms to be organized into words and sentences to be disposed in blocks of type as printing upon a page. Typography and the typographer who practices it may also be concerned with other, related matters—the selection of paper, the choice of ink, the method of printing, the design of the binding if the product at hand is a book—but the word

Perga

2005-03-20T01:53:00.000-08:00

In Perga the apostles Paul and Barnabas began their first mission in Anatolia (Acts of the Apostles 13:13). A difficult mountain route into Phrygia began at Perga, and Alexander the Great used it

Loy, Mina

2005-03-19T21:20:00.000-08:00

Loy began studying art in 1897 at St. John's Wood School in London. In 1899 she left England to study painting in Munich, Germany, returned to London in 1901, then traveled in 1902 to Paris, where she met and married fellow art

Egypt, Ancient, Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton)

2005-03-19T17:44:00.000-08:00

The earliest monuments of Amenhotep IV, who in his fifth regnal year changed his name to Akhenaton (“one useful to Aton”), are conventional in their iconography and style, but from the first he gave the sun god a didactic title naming Aton, the solar disk. This title was later written inside a pair of cartouches, as a king's name would be. The king declared his religious allegiance

Thomas, Martha Carey

2005-03-19T01:40:00.000-08:00

Carey Thomas, as she preferred to be known, was the daughter of a modestly prosperous Quaker family. She attended Quaker schools in her native Baltimore, Maryland, and in Ithaca, New York, then overrode her father's objections

Earth Sciences, Seismology and the structure of the Earth

2005-03-18T06:43:00.000-08:00

Earthquake study was institutionalized in 1880 with the formation of the Seismological Society of Japan under the leadership of the English geologist John Milne. Milne and his associates invented the first accurate seismographs, including the instrument later known as the Milne seismograph. Seismology has revealed much about the structure of the Earth's core,

Kabwe Man

2005-03-17T11:03:00.000-08:00

Originally called Rhodesian Man, also called Broken Hill Man, extinct human being known from fossil remains (almost complete skull, maxillary fragment, sacrum, portions of pelvis and limb bones), found at Broken Hill, Northern Rhodesia (now Kabwe, Zambia), in the 1920s. Despite past disagreement about the classification of these specimens, they are now usually attributed to the early archaic Homo sapiens subspecies H. sapiens

Scabies

2005-03-17T01:41:00.000-08:00

The female mite, which attains a length of about 0.35 mm (0.014 inch), burrows beneath the superficial layer of the skin to lay two to three eggs a day within a tunnel several millimetres long. These burrows

Alexander Aetolus

2005-03-16T19:18:00.000-08:00

Greek poet of Pleuron, in Aetolia. He was appointed by Ptolemy II Philadelphus, Macedonian king of Egypt, to arrange and catalog the tragedies in the library at Alexandria. Nothing remains of his own tragic writing except the title of one play, Astragalistae (“The Dice Players”). A few fragments of his shorter writings are extant, including a brief appreciation of Euripides.

Interior Design, Residential interiors

2005-03-16T05:41:00.000-08:00

Residential interiors are obviously much freer and much more personal for both the interior designer and the occupants than other types of interiors. In fact, homes that have been designed unconsciously by creative occupants without any standard decorative rules are often the most beautiful ones. Certain planning and functional considerations are constant

France, History Of, Early Middle Ages, c. 8501180

2005-03-15T10:21:00.000-08:00

This period as a whole is well treated in Jean Dunbabin, France in the Making, 843–1180 (1985). Jan Dhondt, Études sur la naissance des principautés territoriales en France, IXe–Xe siècle (1948), remains a seminal work on the principalities. Social change and feudalization are studied in Marc Bloch, Feudal Society (1961, reissued in 2 vol., 1974; originally published in French, 1939–40); and Georges Duby, The Three Orders: Feudal Society Imagined (1980; originally published in French, 1978). See also the same author's The Early Growth of the European Economy: Warriors and Peasants from the Seventh to the Twelfth Century (1974; originally published in French, 1973). The early Capetian monarchy is dealt with classically in Robert Fawtier, The Capetian Kings in France: Monarchy & Nation, 987–1328 (1960, reprinted 1982; originally published in French, 1942). The subject has been powerfully reinterpreted in Jean François Lemarignier, Le Gouvernement royal aux premiers temps capétiens, 987–1108 (1965); and Andrew W. Lewis, Royal Succession in Capetian France: Studies on Familial Order and the State (1981). Ferdinand Lot and Robert Fawtier (eds.), Histoire des institutions françaises au Moyen Age, 3 vol. (1957–62), contains solid but conceptually dated discussions of provincial and royal institutions and a fine treatment of the church. Among penetrating studies of the provinces are Georges Duby, La Société aux XIe et XIIe siècles dans la région mâconnaise (1953, reissued 1982); Robert Fossier, La Terre et les hommes en Picardie jusqu'à la fin du XIIIe siècle, 2 vol. (1968); and Pierre Bonnassie, La Catalogne du milieu du Xe à la fin du XIe siècle: croissance et mutations d'une société, 2 vol. (1975–76). Changing conceptions of peace, knighthood, and the noble family are studied in Georges Duby, The Chivalrous Society (1977; originally published in French, 1973).

Lovell, James A(rthur), Jr.

2005-03-15T07:48:00.000-08:00

Lovell, a graduate (1952) of the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., became a test pilot and, at the time (1963) he was selected for the manned space program, was serving as a flight instructor and safety officer. He accompanied Frank Borman on the record-breaking 14-day flight of Gemini 7. Launched

Hadley, George

2005-03-15T02:08:00.000-08:00

Though educated in law, Hadley preferred physics to legal work. A pamphlet describing the quadrant and a Latin translation of this

Cabriole

2005-03-14T18:56:00.000-08:00

Ballet jump, formerly performed only by men, in which the dancer beats the calves of the legs together in the air, with a scissors-like movement. When the beat occurs, the legs are extended at either a 45° or 90° angle to the body at the front, side, or back. The dancer may land on one foot, then bring the second foot down to fifth position—cabriole fermée (“closed cabriole”)—or may complete

Basedow, Johann Bernhard

2005-03-13T19:46:00.000-08:00

Basedow as a boy revolted

Tjokroaminoto, Omar Said

2005-03-13T04:47:00.000-08:00

The Sarekat Dagang Islam (Association of Islamic Traders), established in 1911 to promote the interests of Indonesian traders faced with growing

Dagobert Iii

2005-03-12T08:25:00.000-08:00

Merovingian Frankish king who succeeded his father, Childebert III, in 711. For most of his reign the boy was dominated by Pippin II of Herstal, the Austrasian mayor of the palace.

Bradenton

2005-03-12T05:52:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1903) of Manatee county, west-central Florida, U.S. It lies on the south bank of the Manatee River near its mouth at Tampa Bay, about 10 miles (15 km) north of Sarasota. The explorer Hernando de Soto landed nearby, probably at Shaw's Point, in 1539 (an event commemorated by a national memorial). Founded in the 1840s, the city was named for an early settler, Joseph Braden, who planted sugar and

Signoret, Simone

2005-03-11T10:17:00.000-08:00

Born in Germany to French nationals, Signoret was reared from the age

Avijja

2005-03-11T06:48:00.000-08:00

(Pali), in the Buddhist chain of dependent origination, the ignorance that fetters man to transmigration. See pratitya-samutpada.

Arts, East Asian, Painting

2005-03-10T10:55:00.000-08:00

The development of painting during the Edo period drew energy from innovations and changes precipitated during the Momoyama period. Thematic interests, including Confucian subjects and a continuing fascination with Japanese classical themes, were already apparent in the years preceding national consolidation. Genre themes celebrating urban life became

Ruwenzori Range

2005-03-10T00:27:00.000-08:00

Lying slightly north of the Equator, the Ruwenzori Range has a maximum breadth of 30 miles (50 km) and extends south-north for 80 miles (130 km) between

Murom

2005-03-09T10:40:00.000-08:00

City, Vladimir oblast (province), western Russia. Murom lies along the Oka River. It is one of the oldest Russian towns and was first mentioned in the chronicles of 862. Surviving historic buildings include the Trinity and Annunciation monasteries and the churches of the Resurrection and Transfiguration, all from the 17th century. The contemporary city has engineering,

France, History Of, Sale of national lands

2005-03-09T03:51:00.000-08:00

The Assembly had not lost sight of the financial crisis that precipitated the collapse of absolutism in the first place. Creating an entirely new option for its solution, the Assembly voted to place church property—about 10 percent of the land in France—“at the disposition of the nation.” This property was designated as biens nationaux, or national lands. The government

Yale, Elihu

2005-03-09T02:55:00.000-08:00

In 1671 Yale began working for the East India Company and was sent the following

Girtin, Thomas

2005-03-08T18:28:00.000-08:00

While still boys, Girtin and his friend J.M.W. Turner were employed to wash in skies for architectural drawings

Alka

2005-03-06T22:39:00.000-08:00

Also called Alkas, in Baltic religion, an open-air religious site, a natural sanctuary—forest, hill, river—that was sacred and inviolate. Trees could not be cut in such forests, sacred fields could not be plowed, and fishing was not allowed in the holy waters. The rituals of various religious cults, involving animal sacrifice and human cremation, took place at the alkas. The sense of the ancient

Rio De Janeiro

2005-03-06T22:17:00.000-08:00

The name was given to the city's original site by Portuguese navigators who arrived at the port on Jan. 1, 1502, and mistook the entrance of the bay for the mouth of a river (rio is the Portuguese word for “river” and janeiro

Mahan, Larry E.

2005-03-06T20:50:00.000-08:00

In 1962 Mahan won the all-around Oregon championship and also won the bareback bronc and bulldogging

Blueberry

2005-03-06T08:22:00.000-08:00

Blueberries grow only in highly acidic and well-drained but moist soils. About 36,000 acres (14,500 hectares) of the high-bush blueberry

Armstrong, John

2005-03-05T22:47:00.000-08:00

Armstrong fought in the American Revolution (1775–83) and, as an officer in the Continental Army, was apparently the author of the Newburgh Addresses attacking Congress. After

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, Parable

2005-03-05T16:07:00.000-08:00

Parables do not analyze social systems so much as they remind the listener of his beliefs. The moral and spiritual stress of the form falls upon memory rather than on the critical faculty. The audience hearing the parable is assumed to share a communal truth but perhaps to have set it aside or forgotten it. The rhetorical appeal of a parable is directed primarily toward

Zuni

2005-03-04T19:12:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Zuñi, North American Indian pueblo in west-central New Mexico, on the Arizona border (see Pueblo Indians). The Zuni speak a language related to Penutian. Their origin and early history are unknown; their mythology pictures their ancestors as emerging from underground and wandering to their present location. When they were first encountered by whites, the Spaniards in

Tracer

2005-03-04T15:52:00.000-08:00

Detectable substance added to a chemical, biological, or physical system to follow its process or to study distribution of the substance in the system. Tracer dyes have long been used to follow the flow of underground streams. Incendiary rounds included at intervals in a belt of machine-gun bullets make the paths of the bullets visible. In scientific work, the use

November Insurrection

2005-03-03T18:17:00.000-08:00

When a revolution broke out in Paris (July 1830) and the Russian emperor Nicholas I indicated his intention of using the Polish Army to suppress it, a Polish secret society of infantry cadets staged an uprising in

Madison

2005-03-03T06:19:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1811) of Jefferson county, southeastern Indiana, U.S. It lies along the Ohio River (bridged), opposite Milton, Ky. Settled about 1808 and named for President James Madison, it flourished as a river port until overshadowed by Louisville (46 miles [74 km] southwestward downstream) and Cincinnati (88 miles [142 km] upstream). Madison is now an important tobacco market and agricultural trading

Burbank

2005-03-03T01:38:00.000-08:00

City, Los Angeles county, California, U.S., in the San Fernando Valley. Part of Rancho San Rafael and La Providencia, it was laid out in 1887 by the Providencia Land, Water and Development Company and named for David Burbank, a Los Angeles dentist who had established a sheep ranch there in 1867. An early truck-manufacturing and motion-picture centre, its growth was rapid during the

Argentina, Perón's legacy

2005-03-02T16:05:00.000-08:00

When Perón died on July 1, 1974, he left to his widow a deeply compromised inheritance, yet the transition of power was smooth, and Isabel Perón was sworn in as the world's first woman president. Under the influence of López Rega, the government became even more inflexibly oriented toward the right, and violence reached new heights. López Rega, who used the rightist crusade to

Bahadurpur, Battle Of

2005-03-01T17:52:00.000-08:00

Shuja', the second son—who had quickly set himself up as the independent governor of Bengal—was defeated at Bahadurpur, 5 miles (8 km) northeast of Varanasi (Benares) in

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, Parable

2005-03-01T05:23:00.000-08:00

A.M. Hunter, The Parables: Then and Now (1971); Eta Linnemann, Gleichnisse Jesu, 3rd ed. (1964; Eng. trans., The Parables of Jesus, 1966); T.W. Manson (ed.), The Sayings of Jesus as Recorded in the Gospels According to St. Matthew and St. Luke (1949); D.C. Allen, The Legend of Noah: Renaissance Rationalism in Art, Science and Letters (1963); Heinz Politzer, Franz Kafka: Parable and Paradox (1962).

Philadelphia

2005-02-28T08:23:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1833) of Neshoba county, east-central Mississippi, U.S., and headquarters of the Choctaw Indian Agency, 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Jackson. It was settled on an old Native American site, Aloon Looanshaw, following the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek (1830) and named for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The agency was established in 1918, and the majority of the state's several thousand

Madison

2005-02-28T06:22:00.000-08:00

DES is used therapeutically to replace estrogen

Arizona, Cultural life

2005-02-27T17:05:00.000-08:00

Although traditionally a centre for Indian folk arts and crafts, Arizona has had no circles of painters and writers comparable to those of neighbouring New Mexico. Interest in painting, crafts, drama, music, and publishing, however, has increased with population growth. Architecture and the graphic arts have been particularly influenced by Southwestern regional

Jacobi, Abraham

2005-02-27T11:26:00.000-08:00

Because he took part in the German revolutionary movement (1848), Jacobi was imprisoned in Berlin and Cologne during the year of his graduation in medicine

Wappinger

2005-02-27T04:20:00.000-08:00

A confederacy of Algonquian-speaking Indians in eastern North America who early in the 17th century lived along the east bank of the Hudson River from Manhattan Island to what is now Poughkeepsie and eastward to the lower Connecticut River valley. They were semisedentary, moving seasonally between fixed sites as food resources required. They depended largely

France, History Of, The monarchy

2005-02-26T11:05:00.000-08:00

The kingdom of France was descended directly from the west Frankish realm ceded to Charles the Bald in 843. Not until 987 was the Carolingian dynastic line set aside, but there had been portentous interruptions. The reunited empire of Charles the Fat (884–888) proved unworkable: the Viking onslaught was then at its worst, and the king proved incapable of managing defenses, which fell

Bürgi, Joost

2005-02-25T06:40:00.000-08:00

Bürgi served as court watchmaker to Duke Wilhelm IV of Hesse-Kassel from 1579 to 1592 and worked in the royal observatory at Kassel, where he developed geometrical and astronomical instruments. Word of his exceptional instruments

Sorby, Henry Clifton

2005-02-24T21:42:00.000-08:00

Sorby's early investigations were concerned with agricultural chemistry, but his interests soon turned to geology. He published works dealing with the physical geography

Ampthill (of Ampthill), Odo William Leopold Russell, 1st Baron

2005-02-24T13:12:00.000-08:00

A member of a prominent family, Russell as a youth became fluent in French, German, and Italian through tutoring and wide travel and also acquired the social gifts for a diplomatic career. He served in a variety of posts in Vienna, Paris, Constantinople,

Lattes, C.m.g.

2005-02-24T04:25:00.000-08:00

Lattes studied at the University of São Paulo with Giuseppe Occhialini in the 1940s and accompanied him in 1946 to the

Angola, Resources

2005-02-23T13:49:00.000-08:00

Angola's resources are considerable in comparison to those of most African countries, and they are particularly suited to the development of an industrial economy. There are large reserves of oil and natural gas, concentrated in the maritime zones off the Cabinda exclave and the Congo estuary. Total proven recoverable reserves of crude oil stood at more than 2 billion

Absaroka Range

2005-02-23T10:12:00.000-08:00

Mountain segment of the northern Rocky Mountains, in northwestern Wyoming and southern Montana, U.S. Extending in a northwest-southeast direction, the range is 170 miles (270 km) long and 50 miles wide. A large plateau, the result of volcanic action, was uplifted in the area, and stream and glacial erosion have produced spectacular features. Eight summits exceed 12,000 feet (3,700 m), including

Essequibo River

2005-02-23T01:05:00.000-08:00

River in east central Guyana, the largest river between the Amazon and the Orinoco. It rises in the Acarai Mountains on the Brazilian border and flows northward for approximately 630 miles (1,010 km) through savannas and forests to the Atlantic Ocean. It reaches the Atlantic Ocean 13 miles (21 km) west-northwest of Georgetown, the national capital. Its estuary, 20 miles (32 km) wide, is obstructed

Croly, Jane Cunningham

2005-02-22T04:56:00.000-08:00

Jane Cunningham moved to the

Chital

2005-02-21T10:04:00.000-08:00

Also called Spotted Deer, or Axis Deer (Cervus axis, sometimes Axis axis), Asiatic deer, belonging to the family Cervidae (order Artiodactyla). It lives in grasslands and forests in India and Sri Lanka in herds of up to 100 or more. It stands 90–95 cm (35–37 inches) at the shoulder. Its spotted coat is reddish brown above and white below. The male chital has branching, usually three-tined antlers up to 100 cm long.

Wright, Warren

2005-02-21T09:58:00.000-08:00

Wright was educated in public schools and in business college and, starting in 1890, worked for more than 25 years in the firm that his father had founded, the Calumet Baking Powder Company in Chicago. He succeeded to its presidency

Termier, Henri-françois-émile

2005-02-21T03:17:00.000-08:00

Termier was a geologist for the Morocco Mine Service from 1925 until 1940, when he became head of the Morocco Geological Service; in 1945 he became a professor at the University of Algiers and in 1955 joined the Sorbonne, where he became the chairman

Swan Hill

2005-02-20T04:38:00.000-08:00

City, northern Victoria, Australia, on the Murray River, northwest of Melbourne. It is the chief market centre for the southern section of the irrigated Riverina district of New South Wales. The site was named in the 1830s by the explorer Thomas (later Sir Thomas) Mitchell, who was kept sleepless there by the calls of swans. Settled in 1846 by sheepherders, the community prospered

Permafrost, Types of ground ice

2005-02-19T04:34:00.000-08:00

The ice content of permafrost is probably the most important feature of permafrost affecting human life in the north. Ice in the perennially frozen ground exists in various sizes and shapes and has definite distribution characteristics. The forms of ground ice can be grouped into five main types: (1) pore ice, (2) segregated, or Taber, ice, (3) foliated, or wedge, ice, (4) pingo ice,

Abbott, Sir John

2005-02-19T03:48:00.000-08:00

Educated at McGill University, Montreal, Abbott became a lawyer in 1847 and was made queen's counsel in 1862. He served as dean of the McGill faculty of law from 1855 to 1880. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the then-united province of Canada in 1857 and

Shamanism, Basic tasks

2005-02-18T14:00:00.000-08:00

It is the obligation of the shaman to know all matters that human beings need to know in everyday life but are unable to learn through their own capacities. He foresees events distant in time and space, discovers the place of a lost animal, forecasts prospects for fishing and hunting, and assists in increasing the gain. Besides these everyday functions, he is a healer

Dagerman, Stig

2005-02-18T01:15:00.000-08:00

A journalist, Dagerman scored a critical success with his play Den dödsdömde (first

Davenport Ware

2005-02-17T23:26:00.000-08:00

Cream-coloured earthenware made by John Davenport of Longport, Staffordshire, Eng., beginning in 1793. Davenport had great success with pierced openwork-rimmed plates, either painted or transfer printed. He produced domestic bone china from 1800 and by 1810 was operating on a large scale; the business continued until 1887. Gilding, an extensive use of coloured grounds, flower-encrusted

Gamagori

2005-02-17T14:44:00.000-08:00

City, Aichi Prefecture (ken), Honshu, Japan, facing Mikawa-wan (Mikawa Bay). The city has been well known for the manufacture of cotton textiles since the Tokugawa era (1603–1867). Mandarin orange orchards grace the mountain slopes behind Gamagori, which also serves as a seaside resort. There are hot-spring spas nearby. The city is connected by bridge to offshore Take-shima (Take Island),

Boucherville

2005-02-17T01:47:00.000-08:00

Town, Montérégie region, southern Quebec province, Canada, on the east bank of the St. Lawrence River, opposite Montreal Island (Île de Montréal) and northeast of Montreal city. Founded in 1668 by Pierre Boucher, after whom it is named, the town has long been a market-gardening centre. Since World War II it has developed rapidly into a residential suburb linked to Montreal by

Wynne (o Lasynys), Ellis

2005-02-16T13:55:00.000-08:00

Clergyman and author whose Gweledigaetheu y Bardd Cwsc (1703; “Visions of the Sleeping Bard”) is generally considered the greatest Welsh prose classic. An adaptation of Sir Roger L'Estrange's translation of the Spanish satirist Quevedo's Sueños (1627; “Visions”), savage pictures of contemporary evils, it followed its original

Dunning, John R(ay)

2005-02-15T10:29:00.000-08:00

Dunning graduated from Nebraska Wesleyan University in 1929 and earned a Ph.D. in physics from Columbia University, New York City, in 1934. About the time he received his doctoral degree, he also became an

Ravinia Park

2005-02-15T04:46:00.000-08:00

One of the oldest outdoor summer music and cultural centres in the United States, located in Highland Park, Ill., 25 miles (40 km) north of Chicago's Loop. It was established in 1905 on land purchased by the A.C. Frost Company, a subsidiary of the Chicago and Milwaukee Electric Railroad (the Chicago and North Western Railroad now bisects the property). Originally an amusement centre

Xia Gui

2005-02-14T23:05:00.000-08:00

Xia's birth and death dates are unknown. According to most Chinese sources, however, he served in the Imperial Academy (Yuhuayuan) under the emperor Ning Zong (reigned 1194/95–1224/25), eventually attaining the rank of daizhao, or “painter in attendance,” and being awarded the highest honour a court painter could receive, the Golden Belt. The earliest source of information on him, however,

Amadeus Quartet

2005-02-14T00:19:00.000-08:00

English string quartet (1948–87), one of the most durable and highly regarded quartets of Europe. The quartet was formed in 1947, the result of an internment-camp meeting during World War II between three young Austrian refugees—Peter Schidlof, the group's violist; Norbert Brainin, a violinist; and Siegmund Nissel, also a violinist. They were released from the camp with help from Dame

Giri, Varahagiri Venkata

2005-02-13T18:57:00.000-08:00

Giri began his education at Khallikote College, Berhampore, and then went to Dublin to study law. There he became engaged in the Sinn Féin movement and was expelled from Ireland in 1916. Upon his return to India, he joined the nascent labour movement. He became general secretary and

Alcidamas

2005-02-13T14:36:00.000-08:00

Prominent Sophist and rhetorician who taught in Athens. He was a pupil of Gorgias and a rival of Isocrates. His only extant work, Peri sophiston (“Concerning Sophists”), stresses the superiority of extempore (though prepared) speeches over written ones. The oration attributed to him entitled Odysseus is spurious. Only fragments of his other works survive. Aristotle

Arecales

2005-02-12T14:55:00.000-08:00

Order of flowering plants that contains only one family, the palms (Palmae). About 2,800 species are known. See palm.

Patristic Literature, Late 2nd to early 4th century

2005-02-12T02:18:00.000-08:00

Meanwhile, a brilliant and distinctive phase of Christian literature was opening at Alexandria, the chief cultural centre of the empire and the meeting ground of the best in Hellenistic Judaism, Gnosticism, and Neoplatonism. Marked by the desire to present Christianity in intellectually satisfying terms, this literature has usually been connected with the

Alexander Of Pherae

2005-02-11T23:16:00.000-08:00

Despot of Pherae in Thessaly, Greece, from 369 to 358, whose tyranny caused the intervention of a number of city-states in Thessalian affairs. The other Thessalian cities, refusing to recognize Alexander as tagos, or head magistrate, appealed to the Thebans, who sent Pelopidas to their assistance. Alexander imprisoned Pelopidas, and the Thebans had to send a large army to procure

Spence, Sir Basil (urwin)

2005-02-11T21:23:00.000-08:00

He was educated at the schools of architecture of London and Edinburgh universities and worked in Sir Edwin Lutyens' office on drawings for the Viceroy's House in New Delhi. Before

Yukon Territory

2005-02-11T15:23:00.000-08:00

The mineral wealth

ProbableLeaf

organic bed linen

Stefan Duan

Spanish Lace

Abyssinian

Literature, Portugal.

Nusaybin

Pyrrhus

Swedish Academy

Augustus, Caesar

Hard Water

Sabre

Rocky Mountains, Animal life

Swedish Academy

Trafford

Nabuco De Araújo, Joaquim Aurelio Barreto

Elephantine

Weather Satellite

Sayce, Archibald H(enry)

Devaluation

Bonaparte, Lucien

Drachten

Clare

Laguna District

Typography

Perga

Loy, Mina

Egypt, Ancient, Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton)

Thomas, Martha Carey

Earth Sciences, Seismology and the structure of the Earth

Kabwe Man

Scabies

Alexander Aetolus

Interior Design, Residential interiors

France, History Of, Early Middle Ages, c. 8501180

Lovell, James A(rthur), Jr.

Hadley, George

Cabriole

Basedow, Johann Bernhard

Tjokroaminoto, Omar Said

Dagobert Iii

Bradenton

Signoret, Simone

Avijja

Arts, East Asian, Painting

Ruwenzori Range

Murom

France, History Of, Sale of national lands

Yale, Elihu

Girtin, Thomas

Alka

Rio De Janeiro

Mahan, Larry E.

Blueberry

Armstrong, John

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, Parable

Zuni

Tracer

November Insurrection

Madison

Burbank

Argentina, Perón's legacy

Bahadurpur, Battle Of

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, Parable

Philadelphia

Madison

Arizona, Cultural life

Jacobi, Abraham

Wappinger

France, History Of, The monarchy

Bürgi, Joost

Sorby, Henry Clifton

Ampthill (of Ampthill), Odo William Leopold Russell, 1st Baron

Lattes, C.m.g.

Angola, Resources

Absaroka Range

Essequibo River

Croly, Jane Cunningham

Chital

Wright, Warren

Stefan Duan

France, History Of, Early Middle Ages, c. 8501180